Chemical Composition of Clerodendrum Phlomidis: A Review

Yogita Chowdhary

Sanskar College of Pharmacy and Research, Ghaziabad – 201001.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: yogitachowdhary85@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Agnimantha is a medicinal plant that grows either as a large shrub or a small tree. Its height is up to 10 meters tall. Its bark, roots, and leaves are used for medicinal purposes. In Agnimantha, ‘agni’ means fire, ‘mantha’ refers to churning. In the English language, Agnimantha is referred to as a headache tree. As per Ayurveda, agnimantha is an important ingredient of Dashmool Plants. Dashmool has two subcategories Brihat Panchamoola and Laghu Panchamoola and in these subcategories, Agnimantha is included under Brihat Panchamoola. As per Ayurveda, Agnimantha is useful in treating all types of Vata Disorders (that related to the nervous and musculoskeletal system), inflammatory disorders, neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, piles, constipation, common cold. Roots of agnimantha have the property of appetizer and digestive. It boosts the appetite and aids in the proper digestion of food. It can digest foods, treats heaviness in the abdomen, drowsy, or tiredness after having a meal. It reduces all the symptoms related to digestion and promotes proper assimilation of the food. Agnimantha leaves boost up the metabolism of the body. These have anti-obesity effects and the juice extracted from its fresh leaves is very helpful for reducing weight and improves the metabolism of the fats and prevents fat accumulation. These should be taken twice daily for at least 3 months for better results. Roots of agnimantha are especially used in the treatment of urticaria because it has anti-allergic, anti-urticaria action, which helps to reduce prickling pain, hives, and itching. Being an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral action helps to inhibit the growth of microbes, fights against infections, and reduces inflammation.

KEYWORDS: Agnimantha, Appetizer, Constipation, Amyrin, Lupeolin.

INTRODUCTION:

Perennial herbs or shrubs, 0.29-2.4 m high. Leaves are sessile or nearly so, opposite or sometimes ternate[1,2], passing upwards inti bracts, narrowly obovate-obolong or sub–elliptic, acute or acuminate, usually coarsely and sharply serrate. Flowers many, blue-purple or white, arranged in dichotomous cymes^3,4,5 the whole forming a lax, subpyramidal panicle. Drupes 6 mm long, broadly, obovoid,^6,7 rather succulent, dark–purple when ripe. More or less throughout India, in forests upto 1500 m altitude. Reported to be rare and endangered in Gujrat.The juice of leaves is used as an alternative and bitter tonic. The decoction of root is slightly aromatic and astringent is used as a demulcent in gonorrhea^8,9,10.

Table 1: Chemical constituents of Clerodendrum Phlomidis

Diterpene
Root^11	Clerodendrin A
Root^12	3-epicaroyptin
Root^13	R=α-OAc Caryoptin
Triterpene
Leaves^14	Lupeol
Leaves^15	α-amyrin
Leaves^16	ᵦ-amyrin
Leaves^17	Betulinic acid
Steroid
Stem^18	β-Sitosterol
Root^19	Clerosterol
Aerial part^20	(24S)-ethylcholesta-5-22-25-triene-3ᵦ-ol
	Clerodin
Flavanoids
Whole plant ^21	5-hydroxy-4’-7-dimethoxyrein
Whole plant	5,7,4 O-trihydroxyflavone
Whole plant ^32	Acacetin-7-O-glucuronide
Whole plant ^23	2’-4-4’trihydroxy-6’ methyl chalcone
Whole plant ^24	Quercetin -3-methyl ether
Leaves	24-Ethylcholest-5,22E,25-triene-3ᵦ-ol
Whole plant	Lup-20(29)-en-3-triacacontanoate
Whole plant	4,2’,4’-trihydroxy-6’-methoxychalcone-4,4’α-d-diglucoside
Whole plant ^25	7-Hydroxyflavonone-7-O-glucoside
Whole plant^26	α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)α-D-gluopyranosyl-4’-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-5-methylether
Whole plant^27	Bungein
Stem^28	Clerodermic acid
Flavone
Flowers	Hispidulin
Flowers^29	Apigenin
Stem^30	Serratagenic acid
Stem^31	Scutellarein
Flowers^32	Luteolin
Miscellaneous
Flowers^33	Pectolinarigenin
Leaves, Stem	Uncinatone
Leaves^34	L-Dopa

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Received on 07.10.2021 Modified on 16.12.2021

Accepted on 19.01.2022 ©Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved

Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2022; 12(2):133-136.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5659.2022.00022